（３）フィリピンの言語政策の年表（日本軍政時代）
日本語とタガログ語が公用語となる。タガログ語の普及が全国的な規模で意識的に行われた時期である。Gonzalez(p.93)で述べているように、この時代は a period of “intransigent nationalism” in its single-minded thrust toward educational reforms and the propagation and cultivation of Tagalog である。そしてp.94で述べているようにa national consciousness a rediscovery of Oriental roots の時代であるといえよう。
1942-45: The Japanese invaded and occupied the Philippines. The Japanese took steps toward the spread of Tagalog. They required the teaching of Nippongo as a subject at every level of the educational system but, at the same time, supported the use of Tagalog.
1942年1月3日：本間正晴軍司令官は軍政を布告する。
1942年2月17日：大日本軍司令官訓令第２号Military Order No.2で、フィリピン教育について述べ、初等教育と実業教育の普及に重点を置き、日本語とタガログ語の普及をめざしている。（太田 p.268）
１９４２年： Japanese educational policies were embodied in Military Order No. 2 in 1942. The Philippine Executive Commission established the Commission of Education, Health and Public Welfare and schools were reopened in June 1942. (Internet: Espritu)
1942年：Meanwhile, Tagalog was popularized more widely when the Japanese forces invaded the country in 1942. The Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Imperial Forces ordered the prohibition of the use of English and the Filipino people’s reliance upon Western nations particularly the United States and Great Britain. Besides being declared as the official language, Tagalog was to become the medium of instruction in schools during the Japanese regime. (Teachers who were used to using English, however, were reportedly teaching secretly in English and not in Tagalog.) (Internet: Espiritu)
1943年9月：憲法の原案がKALIBAPIによって承認された。第２共和国の一般条項の第２項の第９条では次のように述べている。
The government shall take steps towards the development and propagation of Tagalog as the national language.
これは1937年の11月の国語研究所の勧告、ケソン大統領が1937年12月30日に公布proclaimした大統領命令 Executive Order第134号を確認するに過ぎなかった。国語選択の問題はすでに結論が出され、問題は国語の development and propagation であった。
1943年10月14日：比島方面陸軍最高司令官名で「比島軍政撤廃に関する布告」が出される。(太田 1992)
1943: President Jose Laurel ordered the teaching of Tagalog in all public and private schools at all levels through Executive Order No.10.
It was Laurel’s belief that the Filipino could stave off spiritual deba^cle only by restoring to nationalism as a way of life. The teaching of Tagalog, Philippine History, and Character education was reserved for Filipinos. Laurel also required that majority of the governing board of any school, college or university be Filipino citizens.(p.397 Agoncillo)
1943: A group of college actors formed the Dramatic Philippines, Inc., whose purpose was to bring to the stage some popular plays in English. These plays were adapted into Tagalog. (Agooncillo p.408)
1943年10月14日：ローレル大統領は就任演説で、大統領として初めて国語に触れた。 The home, more than the school, should be the nursery of the mother tongue. The Government will take the necessary steps for the development and propagation of the Tagalog language ….
彼は the common imperishable tradition of the Filipino との表現を用いてフィリピンの過去の伝統を強調した。→言語の象徴機能への傾注
Gonzalez(p.85)で述べているように、国語の発展と普及に一番組織だって努力が払われた時期である。戦前も戦後もこれほどのことはない。大統領は a National Language Board を任命して、国語委員会はフィリピノ語の普及のために、千の基本語彙を準備することを勧告した。
1943: On October 14, 1943, the Japanese – sponsored Republic created the Ministry of Education. Under the Japanese regime, the teaching of Tagalog, Philippine History, and Character Education was reserved for Filipinos. Love for work and dignity of labor was emphasized.
1943頃：書記法と語彙の選択・創造に関して３つの mananagalog がいた。第一のグループはCarlos Ronquillo たちによって提唱されたが、外来語のスペルを変える必要はないとするグループであった。第２のグループは L.K.Santos を中心として、タガログ語の標準にあうように形態の変更と土着語が存在しないときは語彙の創造を提案していた。第３のグループはJose N. Sevilla と Guillermo E. Tolentino を中心として、puristであり、すべての外来語の排除とconsonantal clusters の排除、外来語をスペルを変えることを主張した。
1943年12月24日：師範学校の講堂でC.M.Recto はタガログ語で初めて演説した。
1943: In 1943, President Laurel issued Executive Order No. 10 mandating educational reforms which included, among other things, the teaching of the national language in all elementary schools, public and private, and the training of national language teachers on a massive scale effective at the beginning of the school year 1944-1945. Major emphasis was given to the development of the national language. It was during the Japanese regime, then that the teaching of the national language became part of the curriculum at all levels. It was introduced as a subject in all grades at the elementary and high school levels. (Internet: Espiritu)
1944年1月8日：大統領はthe Paaralan sa Pagtuturo ng wikang Pilipino の創立演説で次のように述べた。…we all must develop to the utmost of our ability the newly adopted national language…
1944年：フィリピン国立劇場 The Filipino National Theater がドラマのコンテストを主催した。
1944: A Tagalog Institute was established for the purpose of providing instruction to teachers coming from other regions of the country.
1944: In 1944, non-Tagalog teachers started learning the language through the opening of a Tagalog Institute to enable them to teach and use the language. (Internet: Espiritu)
1944: Executive Order No. 44 was issued by President Laurel to lay down educational policies which included the restoration of the University of the Philippines, which was tasked with the promotion of Philippine nationalism, and the development of the national language, among others. In line with this provision, the curricula of higher education institutions had the national language as one of its compulsory subjects. (Internet: Espiritu)
1944年の国語研究所から語彙リストとモデル・レッスンが刊行された。新文部大臣 Camilo Osias は国語を全学校で必須として、43年から12月24ｰ30日をFilipino Language Week とした。
1945年：On February 27, 1945, the Department of Instruction was made part of the Department of Public Instruction